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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Topological excitations ： ウィキペディア英語版 Topological excitations Topological excitations are certain features of classical solutions of gauge field theories. Namely, a gauge field theory on a manifold $M$ with a gauge group $G$ may possess classical solutions with a (quantized) topological invariant called ''topological charge''. The term ''topological excitation'' especially refers to a situation when the topological charge is an integral of a localized quantity. Examples:〔F. A. Bais, Topological excitations in gauge theories; An introduction from the physical point of view. Springer Lecture Notes in Mathematics, vol. 926 (1982)〕 1) $M\; =\; R^2$, $G=U(1)$, the topological charge is called magnetic flux. 2) $M=R^3$, $G=SO(3)/U(1)$, the topological charge is called magnetic charge. The concept of a topological excitation is almost synonymous with that of a topological defect. ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Topological excitations」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.